In patients who cannot be treated adequately by drugs it is possible to reduce increased LDL-C and/or lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) values by the use of lipoprotein apheresis (LA) with the potential to decrease severe CVD events in the range of 70%->80%.
Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] has been considered as a causal risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the general population and levels vary in different ethnicities.
Lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) has been established as an independent causal risk factor for CVD in the general population but has not been well established in the population of PHIV+.
Patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS) are at high risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD) and lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) is an independent risk factor for CVD.
This study suggests that Lp(a)-lowering by 50 mg/dL (105 nmol/L) short-term (ie, 5 years) may reduce CVD by 20% in a secondary prevention setting.High Lp(a) (Lipoprotein[a]) is associated with high risk of incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) in observational studies of individuals without CVD at baseline<sup>1, 2</sup>, that is, in a primary prevention setting.
Lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)] is an established causal risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), independently of low-density lipoproteins (LDL) and other risk factors.
Those with evidence of CAD were significantly more likely to be male, inactive, diabetic and with a family history of CVD than participants without CAD.About 20% of patients had lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) concentrations above 106.9 nmol/L (fifth quintile).
To review the current recommendations for lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) screening, the evidence behind the thresholds for increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, and the available data supporting Lp(a) lowering.
A considerable body of data from genetic and epidemiological studies strongly support a causal relationship between high lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] levels, and the development of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease.
Homocysteine and education but not lipoprotein (a) predict estimated 10-year risk of cardiovascular disease in blood donors: a community based cross-sectional study.
Elevated lipoprotein (a) is recognized as a risk factor for incident cardiovascular events in the general population and established cardiovascular disease patients.
The unique structure of Lp(a) - comprised of a genetically heterogeneous apolipoprotein(a) molecule bound to an LDL-like moiety - provides insight into its pathogenic role in cardiovascular disease and also complicates its accurate measurement.
Lipoprotein (a) and 10-year Cardiovascular Disease Incidence in Apparently Healthy Individuals: A Sex-based Sensitivity Analysis from ATTICA Cohort Study.
Different therapies have been suggested and some are used to treat elevated lipoprotein(a) levels such as niacin, PCSK9 inhibitors, and CETP inhibitors; however, to date, no randomized controlled trial has demonstrated that lowering of lipoprotein(a) leads to lower risk of cardiovascular disease.